Overview
Functional Movement Disorder (FMD) is a neurological condition characterised by abnormal movement (tremors, spasms, jerking, and difficulty controlling movements of the body) due to a change in how the nervous system sends signals to the muscle, not due to any structural change in the nervous system.
It is important to understand Functional Movement Disorder because the symptoms of FMD can be similar to other neurological diseases that differ considerably in their approach to treatment. The earlier FMD symptoms can be identified and treated appropriately, the greater the chances of positive outcomes.
At Sarvodaya Hospital, patients with FMD receive high-quality neurological treatment at one of the best neurology hospitals in Delhi NCR.
Functional Movement Disorder Symptoms
- Tremors or shaking movements
- Sudden jerking or spasms
- Difficulty walking or maintaining balance
- Muscle weakness without structural nerve damage
- Abnormal posture or body movements
- Episodes of uncontrolled movements triggered by stress
- Speech or voice disturbances in some cases
Functional Movement Disorder Causes
- Stress or psychological trauma
- Anxiety or depression
- Previous physical injury
- Neurological conditions affecting brain signalling
- Emotional or psychological triggers
Diagnosis of Functional Movement Disorder
The correct identification of Functional Movement Disorder (FMD) is crucial to distinguishing it from other neurological disorders and to provide direction for prompt intervention. The best Neurologists in Delhi NCR can assist with ensuring an accurate diagnosis through thorough evaluation.
- Clinical Neurological Examination: The physician will assess the individual’s moving patterns, reflexes, coordination, strength, and gait in order to identify any abnormal motions associated with FMD.
- Thorough Medical History: In addition to an individual's clinical examination, the physician will ask questions regarding the individual’s symptom triggers, stressors, past/current medical conditions and neurological history in order to better understand the nature of FMD.
- Imaging (MRI/CT Scan): A brain imaging study (MRI/CT Scan) can be conducted in order to rule out any structural abnormality within the brain or nervous system that is causing symptoms of abnormal motion.
- Electrophysiological Studies: Electrophysiological studies will assess nerve and muscle conduction in order to differentiate between FMD and other neurological disorders when indicated.
Treatment Options for Functional Movement Disorder
Treatment for functional movement disorders, when done effectively, should include all three of these approaches: improving how the brain controls movement; minimising the triggers of symptoms; and returning to a typical level of functioning daily (multidisciplinary care).
- Neurological Rehabilitation: Physiotherapy through a specialised program to retrain all normal movement patterns; help develop coordination; and reduce abnormal movement associated with functional neurological disorders.
- Psychological Therapy: Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), to provide the means for patients to deal with sources of stress and other emotional responses and behaviours that may produce symptoms of functional movement disorders.
- Medication: Medications may be used to address any contribution to a functional movement disorder resulting from anxiety or depression, sleep problems, etc., if it is felt that these will affect the individual’s recovery of their neurological function.
- Multidisciplinary Care: Management of a functional movement disorder often involves coordination of neurologists, physiotherapists, psychologists, and rehabilitation specialists to achieve the greatest degree of improvement possible and to provide continuing support for long-term recovery from functional movement disorders.
Prevention & Lifestyle Modifications
While it may not be possible to prevent functional movement disorders entirely, making specific lifestyle choices can help lessen the severity of symptoms and support overall neurological health.
- Stress Management Techniques: Techniques such as meditation, breathing exercises and relaxation therapy may assist in reducing emotional triggers that could aggravate functional movement symptoms.
- Regular Physical Activity: Gentle exercise and guided physiotherapy can help improve muscle coordination, enhance mobility, and maintain optimal physical health.
- Adequate Sleep and Relaxation: The maintenance of healthy sleeping habits and rest will help maintain normal brain function and assist in decreasing the occurrence of fatigue-related symptom flare-ups.
- Psychological Counselling as Needed: Counselling or therapy from a qualified professional may assist in addressing emotional stressors, anxiety and/or other psychological factors related to the development of symptoms.
- Regular Neurological Follow-Ups: Regular visits to neurologists for assessments of your symptoms will help track symptom patterns, adjust treatment plans and promote long-term positive neurological outcomes.
Pre–Post Treatment Care
Pre-Treatment
- Early neurological consultation with the best neurophysician in Faridabad
- Assessment of psychological and physical triggers
- Diagnostic evaluation to rule out other disorders
Post-Treatment
- Adherence to physiotherapy programs
- Psychological therapy sessions
- Lifestyle and stress management
- Regular follow-ups with the best neurologist in Noida
